Do you want to argue without making any logical fallacy? Here you are going to know about some common logical fallacies that you are probably committing unknowingly. Basic Idea of Logical Fallacies: Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that undermine the validity of an argument. They often appear persuasive but lack logical foundation. Recognizing these fallacies is essential for critical thinking and avoiding manipulation in discussions. History of Logical Fallacies: The logical fallacies were first recognized and categorized in Nyaya Sutras, the fundamental scripture of Nyaya school of Indian philosophy, propounded by Aksapada Gautama. Greek philosopher Aristotle also identifies thirteen logical fallacies in his Sophistical Refutations. Classifications of Logical Fallacies: Logical fallacies can be broadly classified into formal fallacies and informal fallacies: 1. Formal Fallacies These occur when the structure of an argument is invalid, regardless of the content. Example...
What is Scientific Temper? The scientific approach and temper are, or should be, a way of life, a process of thinking, a method of acting and associating with life, a process of thinking, a method of acting and associating with our fellowmen. – Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. Why do you need to have a scientific temper? Okay. First, The article 51A (h) of the Constitution of India states that “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to develop a scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of enquiry and reform” . So, it is, if you are an Indian, your Fundamental Duty to be scientifically tempered. Second, Being scientifically tempered you can accept the world objectively. No one can easily manipulate you towards their own interests. For instance, you can see both the good and the bad aspects of an object or idea, while other people around you are able to see only one aspect because of their emotional biases. Third, You will be able to fin...